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---

English is destined to be in the next and succeeding
centuries more generally the language of the world
than Latin was in the last or French is in the present
age.
--John Adams (1735—1826)
First VP and second President of the United States.
In a letter to the President of Congress [5 September 1780].

The day of the jewelled epigram is passed and,
whether one likes it or not, one is moving into
the stern puritanical era of the four-letter word.
--Noël Annan (1916—2000)
English historian and writer.
In the House of Lords [1966]; quoted in
George Greenfield _Scribblers for Bread_ [1989].

One picture is worth ten thousand words.
--Frederick R. Barnard
In "Printers Ink" [10 March 1927].

Slang, n. The grunt of the human hog (Pignoramus
intolerabilis) with an audible memory.
--Ambrose Bierce (1842—1914)
American newspaperman, wit, and satirist.
_The Cynic's Word Book_ [1906]
{Retitled in 1911 as _The Devil's Dictionary_}.

The world's most difficult word to translate has
been identified as "ilunga" from the Tshiluba
language spoken in south-east Congo. "Ilunga"
means a person who is ready to forgive any
abuse for the first time, to tolerate it a second
time, but never a third time.
--Oliver Conway, BBC News [22 June 2004]

The Spanish also left behind, in their branding
signs and the embossing of saddles, a whole
heraldry of ranching, and in conjunction with
this they established the rodeo. The purpose
of the rodeo was to round up, once a year, all
the cattle that had run free or multiplied on
the open range; to distinguish one man's herd
from another, the yearling calves were branded
with the owner's initials or some chosen emblems
registered with the governor of each province.
While the word "cowboy" is a direct translation
of vaquero, much of the language of ranching,
and the Spanish words for the kind of country
it was done in, have passed over to the
present-day practitioners and, indeed, to most
children brought up in the Southwest: corral,
mesa, arroyo, patio, adobe, mustang, sombrero,
desperado, poncho, alfalfa, bronce. By small
changes or abbreviation, other Spanish words
were naturalized in English: "stampede" for
estampida, "lariat" for (la) reata, "lasso" for lazo,
"chaps" for chaperajos, which protected the wearer
against the desert scrub called "chaparral" (chaparro).
The word "cinch," until fairly recently a common
slang word for something quickly or easily done,
derives from the Spanish word for the saddle girth,
cincha. When it was securely fastened, it was said
to be ''cinched."
--Alistair Cooke [Alfred Cooke] (1908—2004)
British-born American broadcater and journalist.
_America_ [1973]

Language is the apparel in which your thoughts
parade before the public. Never clothe them in
vulgar or shoddy attire.
--George W. Crane
Quoted in Bob Kelly _Worth Repeating: More Than 5,000
Classic and Contemporary Quotes_, p. 199 [2003].

She dealt her pretty words like blades,
As glittering they shone,
And every one unbarred a nerve
Or wantoned with a bone.
--Emily Dickinson (1830—1886)
American poet.
"She dealt her pretty words like blades"
In _Further Poems_ [1929].

^

T.S. Eliot (1888—1965)
American-born poet who won the 1948 Nobel Prize for Literature.

On his way to Stockholm for the Nobel prize ceremony, Eliot
was interviewed by a reporter who asked him for which of
his works the prize had been awarded. Eliot replied that he
believed it was for the entire corpus. 'And when did you
publish that?' asked the reporter.

--_Bartlett's Book of Anecdotes_
edited by Clifton Fadiman and André Bernard [2000 ed.]

^


^

At a meeting of a Parisian literary society Franklin found
himself a bit at sea as flowery compliments in French
were exchanged. He decided it would be safest to clap
only when he saw a lady of his acquaintance applauding.
After the gathering was over, Franklin's little grandson
said, 'But, Grandpapa, you always applauded, and louder
than anyone else, when they praised you.'

--_Bartlett's Book of Anecdotes_
edited by Clifton Fadiman and André Bernard [2000 ed.]

^

The chief merit of language is clearness,
and we know that nothing detracts so
much from this as do unfamiliar terms.
--Galen (129—199)
Greek physician, anatomist, and writer on medicine and philosophy.
_On the Natural Faculties_

^

W. S. Gilbert was standing outside his club one day, when a stranger
approached him saying, 'I beg your pardon, sir, but do you happen
to know a gentleman, a member of this club, with one eye called
Mathew?' Gilbert replied: 'I can't say I do.' Then, after a further
pause, 'What is his other eye called?'
_The Folio Book of Humorous Anecdotes_
Introduced by Edward Leeson [2005],
"Sport and Show Business"

^

Nouns and verbs are almost pure metal;
adjectives are cheaper ore.
--Maria Gilchrist (1893—?)
American author.
Quoted by Leonora Speyer in _The Saturday Review of Literature_ [1946].

^

Knut Hamsun (1859—1952)
Norwegian author, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize for Literature.

During the winter of 1894—95 Hamsun visited
Paris for the first time. On his return home
someone asked him, "At the beginning,
didn't you have trouble with your French?"
"No," replied Hamsun, "but the French did."

--_Bartlett's Book of Anecdotes_
edited by Clifton Fadiman and André Bernard [2000 ed.]

^

In all the grammar schools of England children
leave French and construe in English.
--Ranulf Higden (c. 1280—1364)
English monk and chronicler.
_Polychronicon_ [1340s],
in M.J. Cohan and John Major {eds.}
_History in Quotations_ [2004] p. 211.
Cohan & Major add:
The change from French as the lingua franca to vernacular
English was rapid. In the 1360s the lord chancellor began
to open Parliament in English, and in 1362 a petition urged
that pleading in the law courts should be in English because
French was too little known.

-

Life and language are alike sacred. Homicide and
verbicide—that is, violent treatment of a word
with fatal results to its legitimate meaning,
which is its life — are alike forbidden.
--Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (1809—1894)
American physician, poet, and essayist.
_The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table_ [1858]


I would never use a long word where a short one would
answer the purpose. I know there are professors in this
country who 'ligate' arteries. Other surgeons only tie
them, and it stops the bleeding just as well.
--Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (1809—1894)
American physician, poet, and essayist.
In a lecture at Harvard University [6 November 1867].

-

I believe that political correctness can be a form of
linguistic fascism, and it sends shivers down the spine
of my generation who went to war against fascism.
--P.D. [Phyllis Dorothy] James (1920— )
English writer of detective stories.
In "Paris Review" [1995].

Language is the dress of thought.
--Samuel Johnson (1709—1784)
English poet, critic, and lexicographer.
"Cowley," _Lives of English Poets_ [1781]

In my youth ... there were certain words you couldn't say
in front of a girl; now you can say them, but you can't
say 'girl'.
--Tom Lehrer (1928— )
American songwriter and satirist.
Quoted in _Washington Post_ [3 January 1982].

-

Henry:
Look at her, a prisoner of the gutter,
Condemned by every syllable she ever uttered.
By law she should be taken out and hung,
For the cold-blooded murder of the English tongue.

Eliza:
Aaoooww!

Henry imitating her:
Aaoooww!
Heaven's! What a noise!
This is what the British population,
Calls an elementary education.

Pickering:
Oh, Counsel, I think you picked a poor example.

Henry:
Did I?
Hear them down in Soho square,
Dropping "h's" everywhere.
Speaking English anyway they like.
You sir, did you go to school?

Man:
Wadaya tike me for, a fool?

Henry:
No one taught him 'take' instead of 'tike!
Why can't the English teach their children how to speak?
This verbal class distinction, by now,
Should be antique.
If you spoke as she does, sir,
Instead of the way you do,
Why, you might be selling flowers, too!
Hear a Yorkshireman, or worse,
Hear a Cornishman converse,
I'd rather hear a choir singing flat.

[. . . ]

An Englishman's way of speaking absolutely classifies him,
The moment he talks he makes some other Englishman despise him.
One common language I'm afraid we'll never get.
Oh, why can't the English learn to set
A good example to people whose English is painful to your ears?
The Scotch and the Irish leave you close to tears.
There even are places where English completely disappears.
In America, they haven't used it for years!

--Alan Jay Lerner (1918—1986)
American playwright and lyricist.
(Music by Frederick Loewe)
"Why Can't the English?" from the 1956 play _My Fair Lady_

-

He can compress the most words into the
smallest ideas of any man I ever met.
--Abraham Lincoln (1809—1865)
American Republican statesman, President [1861—1865].
On a fellow lawyer, quoted in Abraham Gross _Lincoln's Own Stories_ [1912].

Deeds are better things than words are,
Actions mightier than boastings.
--Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807—1882)
American poet.
_The Song of Hiawatha_ [1855]

Language is civilization itself. The Word, even the most
contradictory word, binds us together. Wordlessness
isolates.
--Thomas Mann (1875—1955)
German novelist.
_The Magic Mountain_ [1924], ch. 6, "A Good Soldier"

Many women, particularly young women, have claimed the
right to use the most explicit sex terms, including extremely
vulgar ones, in public as well as private. But it is men, far
more than women, who have been liberated by this change.
For now that women use these terms, men no longer need
to watch their own language in the presence of women.
But is this a gain for women?
--Margaret Mead (1901—1978)
American anthropologist.

Soundbite and slogan, strapline and headline, at every
turn we meet hyperbole. The soaring inflation of the
English language is more urgently in need of control
than the economic variety.
--Trevor Nunn (1940— )
British theatre director.
In "Evening Standard" [3 June 1999].

If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.
--George Orwell [Eric Blair] (1903—1950)
English novelist.
"Politics and the English Language" [April 1946]

-

Dorothy Parker was at a party in New York where an American
actor who had appeared in a play in London was speaking at
length about his experiences. His speech was full of Briticisms,
and he kept referring to his 'shedules.' Finally, Miss Parker
interrupted. 'I think you're full of skit,' she said.


That woman speaks eighteen languages,
and can't say No in any of them.
--Dorothy Parker (1893—1967)
American critic and humorist.
Quoted in Alexander Woollcott _While Rome Burns_ [1934].

-

How very commonly we hear it remarked that such and
such thoughts are beyond the compass of words. I do
not believe that any thought, properly so called, is out
of the reach of language. . . . I have never had a thought
which I could not set down in words.
--Edgar Allan Poe (1809—1849)
American poet and short-story writer.
_Marginalia_ [1844—1849]

As the intercourse between this part of Great
Britain and the capital daily increases, both on
account of business and amusement, and must
still go on increasing, gentlemen educated in
Scotland have long been sensible of the
disadvantages under which they labour, from
their imperfect knowledge of the English
tongue, and the impropriety with which they
speak it.
--Regulations of the Select Society [1761]
_Scots Magazine_ V. 23 [1761] p. 389

-

One of our defects as a nation is the tendency to use what
have been called 'weasel words'. When a weasel sucks eggs
the meat is sucked out of the egg. If you a 'weasel word'
after another, there is nothing left of the other.
--Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919)
American Republican statesman and President [1901—1909].
Speech in St. Louis [31 May 1916].


Every immigrant who comes here should be
required within five years to learn English or
leave the country.
--Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919)
American Republican statesman and President [1901—1909].
In an article in "Kansas City Star" [27 April 1918].

-

Clarity in language depends on clarity in thought.
--Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917—2007)
American historian.
Brian Lamb television interview, C-SPAN [10 May 1998].

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain
no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary
sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should
have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary
parts. This requires not that the writer make all his
sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat
his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.
--William Strunk Jr. (1869—1946)
American teacher and editor.
_The Elements of Style_ [1918]

^

--Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809—1892)
British poet, poet laureate [1850—1892]

Tennyson was entertaining a Russian nobleman
on his house on the Isle of Wight. One morning
the Russian set off on a shooting expedition,
returning later that day with the proud news
that he had shot two peasants. Tennyson
politely corrected his guest's pronunciation:
'You mean two pheasants,' he said. 'No,'
replied the Russian,' 'two peasants. They
were insolent, so I shot them.'

--_Bartlett's Book of Anecdotes_
edited by Clifton Fadiman and André Bernard [2000 ed.]

^

James Whistler (1834—1903)
American painter.

Whistler, priding himself on his fluency in French,
insisted on doing the ordering in a fashionable
Paris restaurant. His companion tried to intervene
and was told, 'I am quite capable of ordering a
meal in France without your assistance.' 'Of course
you are,' said his friend placatingly, 'but I just
distinctly heard you order a flight of steps.'

--_Bartlett's Book of Anecdotes_
edited by Clifton Fadiman and André Bernard [2000 ed.]

^

We have really everything in common with America
nowadays, except, of course, language.
--Oscar Wilde (1854—1900)
Anglo-Irish dramatist and poet.
_The Canterville Ghost_, 2 [1887]

The limits of my language mean the
limits of my world.
--Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951)
Austrian philosopher.
_Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus [1922]

Into the face of the young man who sat on the terrace
of the Hotel Magnifique at Cannes there had crept a
look of furtive shame, the shifty, hangdog look which
announces that an Englishman is about to talk French.
--P.G. [Pelham Grenville] Wodehouse (1881—1975)
English humorist; American citizen from 1955.
_The Luck of the Bodkins_ [1936]

--

A Swiss guy, looking for directions, pulls up at a bus stop where
two Englishmen are waiting.

"Entschuldigung, koennen Sie Deutsch sprechen?" he says. The two
Englishmen just stare at him.

"Excusez-moi, parlez vous Francais?" The two continue to stare.

"Parlare Italiano?" No response.

"Hablan ustedes Espanol?" Still nothing.

The Swiss guy drives off, extremely disgusted.

The first Englishman turns to the second and says, "Y'know,
maybe we should learn a foreign language...."

"Why?" says the other, "That bloke knew four languages, and
it didn't do him any good."

-----

acrid [AK-rid], adjective:
1. Sharp and harsh, or bitter to the taste or smell; pungent.
2. Caustic in language or tone; bitter.

dieresis (noun)
A mark ( ¨ ) placed over the second of two adjacent
vowels to indicate that they are to be pronounced as
separate sounds rather than a diphthong, as in naïve.
Synonyms: umlaut, diaeresis

heterophemy (noun) ['het-ê-rê-fee-mi]
The inadvertent use of one word or phrase when another is intended.

polyglot (noun)
A person who speaks two or more languages.

shibboleth (noun) ['shi-bê-leth]
A catchword, password, or any test of authenticity. A language or
dialect that distinguishes a group and can be used as a test of
membership.

tittle (noun) ['tit-êl]
1. A small jot, the dot of an [i], cross on a [t], the beard
on [ç], or a diacritic such as the tilde on [ñ];
2. Minute, incredibly tiny, smaller even than an iota-indeed,
an iota (Greek short [i]) is capped by a tittle.)

vernacular (noun) [vêr-'næ-kyê-lêr]
(1) The colloquial spoken language as distinguished
from the literary written language;
(2) a local regional or professional dialect


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