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INTERESTED(ING)
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
INTERNET (THE) --- INTOLERANCE --- INTUITION

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INTERESTED(ING)


You can make more friends in two months by becoming
interested in other people than you can in two years
by trying to get other people interested in you.
--Dale Carnegie (1888—1955)
American writer and lecturer.

The fortunate man, in my opinion, is he to whom the gods
have granted the power either to do something which is
worth recording or to write what is worth reading; and most
fortunate of all is the man who can do both.
-- letter from Pliny the Younger to Tacitus
{Pliny the Younger or Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62—c.115)
Roman senator and author of a famous collection of letters.
Tacitus [or Publius Cornelius Tacitus or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus]
(c.55—c.117), Roman orator, lawyer, senator, and historian}

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piquant (adj.)
1. Spicy or savory: having a flavor, taste, or smell that is spicy or savory,
often with a slightly tart or bitter edge to it.
2. Sharply stimulating or provocative: refreshingly interesting, stimulating,
or provocative

sapid (adj.)
1: Having taste or flavor, esp. an agreeable taste.
2: Pleasing to the mind; interesting.
Related: savory
Derived: sapidity, n.; sapidness, n.




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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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see: "DIPLOMACY"
see: "FOREIGN POLICY"
see "THE HUMAN RACE" for other related links


National security is primarily defined in terms of reputation for
having more power than all other nations and a willingness to
use it.
--Richard J. Barnet (1929—2004)
American author and political activist.
_Roots of War_ [1971]

[Winston Churchill] does not talk the language of the
20th century but that of the 18th. He is still fighting
Blenheim all over again. His only answer to a difficult
situation is to send a gun-boat.
--Aneurin Bevan (1897—1960)
British Labour politician.
Speech at Labour party conference,
Scarborough, England [2 October 1951].

Red China is not the powerful nation seeking to dominate
the world. Frankly, it is the opinion of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, this strategy would involve us in the wrong
war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with
the wrong enemy.
--Omar Bradley (1893—1981)
American general.
In testimony to the Senate Committee on the Armed Services [1951].

There can be no greater error than to expect or calculate
upon real favors from nation to nation. It is an illusion
which experience must cure, which a just pride ought
to discard.
--Alexander Hamilton (1755or57—1804)
New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention,
major author of the _Federalist Papers_, and first
secretary of the Treasury of the United States [1789-1795].
In Garry Wills _Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis of the Self-Made Man_[1969].

_New World Order: International Organization,
International Law, International Cooperation_
--Frederick Charles Hicks (1875—1956)
[Title of 1920 book.]

Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all
nations--entangling alliances with none.
--Thomas Jefferson (1743—1826)
American statesman and president [1801—1809].
Inaugural address [4 March 1801].

The great nations have always acted like gangsters,
and the small nations like prostitutes.
--Stanley Kubrick (1928—1999)
American film director.
In "Guardian" [5 Jene 1963].

The public is bored by foreign affairs until a crisis arises; and
. . . then it is guided by feelings rather than by thoughts.
--Harold Nicolson (1886—1968)
English diplomat, politician, and writer.
_The Evolution of Diplomacy_ [1954], ch. 4

We have no eternal allies and we have no perpetual enemies.
Our interests are eternal and perpetual, and those interests
it is our duty to follow.
--Lord Palmerston [Henry John Temple] (1784—1865)
British politician.
Speech, House of Commons [1 March 1848].

-

Over the course of the succeeding decades, as the laws of war —
or, as they came to be known, international humanitarian law —
evolved and expanded, the ICRC [International Committee of the Red
Cross] became the legally recognized guardian of these regulations.
And yet, the paradox of the success of the Red Cross movement, the
advance of international law, and, after World War II, the worldwide
diffusion of the concept of human rights and new authority for it,
is that all these developments coincide not with a new era in which
Kant's perpetual peace was ushered in, but rather with the hideous
course of the twentieth century itself. No century has had better
norms and worse realities. In the period from the signing of the
first Geneva Convention and the subsequent conferences of 1899 and
1907 in The Hague, to the outbreak of World War I, the rights of
individuals in wartime were expanded, "aggressive force" was
outlawed, and protections for civilians were expanded. Then came
the mass slaughter in the trenches of World War I and the Armenian
genocide to make a mockery of all that.

In the aftermath of that war, in a Europe shocked by the toll exacted
by gas attacks, another Hague conference outlawed the use of poison
gas and other forms of chemical and biological warfare. Three years later,
the Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawed war itself. Those whom the gods wish
to destroy they first allow to set international legal norms. Nine years
later, the Japanese army was murdering Chinese civilians by the hundreds
of thousands in Nanking. Four years after that, the Germans put in motion
the Final Solution. Four years after that, twenty million Russians were
dead and Europe was in ruins.

--David Rieff,
_A Bed For the Night, Humanitarianism In Crisis_

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We have learned that we cannot live alone,
in peace; that our own well-being is dependent
on the well-being of other nations far away …
We have learned to be citizens of the world,
members of the human community.
--Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882—1945)
American Democratic statesman and President [1933—1945].
4th Inaugural Address [1945].

There can be no greater error than to expect or calculate
upon real favors from Nation to Nation.
--George Washington (1732—1799)
American general and commander-in-chief of the
colonial armies in the American Revolution [1775—1783]
and first president of the United States [1789—1797].
Farewell Address [17 September 1796].

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comity [KOM-uh-tee], noun:
1. A state of mutual harmony, friendship, and respect,
especially between or among nations or people; civility.
2. The courteous recognition by one nation of the laws
and institutions of another.
3. The group of nations observing international comity.




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INTERNET

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see "COMMUNICATION" for related links


And all the puppets in this digital jail
They're runnin' around in a frenzy
In search of the Holy Grail.
They're havin' virtual sex.
They're eatin' virtual food.
No wonder these puppets
Are always in a lousy mood.
--Laurie Anderson

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Picture this scenario: It's 8 p.m. on a weekday night, and your
twelve-old child suddenly remembers that he has a major school
report on the Spanish-American War due tomorrow. He needs to do
some research, but the library is closed. No problem! Your cyber-
savvy youngster simply turns on your computer, activates your
modem, logs on to the Internet - the evolutionary 'Information
Superhighway' and, in a matter of minutes, is exchanging pictures
of naked women with other youngsters all over North America.
--Dave Barry (1947- )
American humorist,
_Dave Barry in Cyberspace_ [1996]


A common criticism of the Internet is that it is dominated by the
crude, the uninformed, the immature, the smug, the untalented, the
repetitious, the pathetic, the hostile, the deluded, the self-
righteous, and the shrill. This criticism overlooks the fact that
the Internet also offers - for the savvy individual who knows where
to look - the tasteless and the borderline insane.
--Dave Barry (1947- )
American humorist,
_Dave Barry in Cyberspace_ [1996]

-

Writers of the past had absinthe, whiskey, or heroin. I have Google.
I go there intending to stay five minutes and next thing I know,
seven hours have passed, I've written 43 words, and all I have to
show for it is that I know the titles of every episode of The Nanny
and the Professor.
--Michael Chabon

Personal relations are the important thing
for ever and ever, and not this outer life
of telegrams and anger.
--E.M.(Edward Morgan) Forster (1879-1970)
English novelist,
_Howards End_ [1910]

I think when people get on the Internet their
common sense may be weakened if not suspended.
--Charles Harwood

Enthusiasm for a medium that keeps you away
from human beings strikes me as worrying. That
you would rather live in an unreal time and space,
with unreal people who don't even give their names
- you can say whatever you like, you can be whoever
you like - means that people aren't anyone, they
become more and more unreal.
--Ian Hislop (1960- )
British satirist,
on Channel Four TV [19 March 1996]

Information Superhighway is really an acronym for
'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving,
Manipulating, Accessing And Transferring Information
On National Systems, Unleashing Practically Every
Rebellious Human Intelligence, Gratifying Hackers,
Wiseacres, And Yahoos'.
--Keven Kwaku

Typos are very important to all written form. It gives the reader
something to look for so they aren't distracted by the total lack
of content in your writing.
--Randy K. Milholland

The Internet is as persistent as it is potent,
an indelible and uncontainable presence in
the culture. In fact, the Internet isn't separate
from the culture at all; it *is* the culture. All
the trash, flotsam and spillage of our society
gets its moment there, where the tiniest
obsession has its spot on the shelf, right
next to Bach and charity and sunsets. The
Internet lets a million flowers bloom, and
a million weeds.
--Daniel Okrent,
"Raising Kids Online",
_TIME_ (magazine) [10 May 1999]

People who use computers to communicate, form friendships that
sometimes form the basis of communities, but you have to be careful
to not mistake the tool for the task and think that just writing
words on a screen is the same thing as real community.
--Harold Rheingold

It's been my policy to view the Internet
not as an 'information highway,' but as
an electronic asylum filled with babbling
loonies.
--Mike Royko (1932—1997)
American journalist.

The web of our life is of a mingled yarn,
good and ill together.
--William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
English dramatist,
_All's Well That Ends Well_ [1602-1604],
Act IV, Scene III, Line 83

We've now invented the ultimate tool for keeping
the sads busy: the internet. But behind all the
techno-babble about cyberspace and hyper-text
and virtual worlds, behind all the promises of
total immersion in a parallel universe, there's
a boring reality: a bunch of screeching modems,
lost jobs, and boring computer-nerds getting
all excited over a glorified telephone exchange.
I'm sick of the spurious claims devotees make
for the internet, and I'm particularly sick of
the internerds.
--Janet Street-Porter (1946- ),
British broadcaster and programme-maker:
Without Walls: J'Accuse - Technonerds
(Channel 4) [19 March 1996]

That brief flash of flesh (Janis Jackson)
has become the most searched for event in
Lycos' history. Before this week, the
leading search term over a one-day period
was "September 11". Although it is very
difficult to compare searches for the two
events, it looks like the Super Bowl
halftime show was the equal of September
11 when it comes to Internet attention.
That is, to put it bluntly, mind-blowing.
--Aaron Schatz,
Lycos 50 Daily Report [4 Feb 2004]

^

I had been keen to hear what people thought politically.
Those whom I had met did not talk about the subject, didn't
seem to want to talk about it. It seemed to me partly caution
and partly a lack of interest, but strong opinions were just not
stated. One storekeeper did admit to me that he had to do
business with both sides and could not permit himself the luxury
of an opinion. He was a graying man in a little gray store,
a crossroads place where I stopped for a box of dog biscuits
and a can of pipe tobacco. This man, this store, might have
been anywhere in the nation, but actually it was back in
Minnesota. The man had a kind of gray wistful twinkle in his
eyes as though he remembered humor when it was not against
the law, so that I dared go out on a limb. I said, 'It looks then as
though the natural contentiousness of people had died. But I
don't believe that. It'll just take another channel. Can you
think,sir, of what that channel might be?'

'You mean where will they bust out?'

'Where do they bust out?'

I was not wrong, the twinkle was there, the precious,
humorous twinkle. 'Well, sir,' he said, 'we've got a murder
now and then, or we can read about them. Then we've got
the World Series. You can raise a wind any time over the
Pirates or the Yankees, but I guess the best of all is we've
got the Russians.'

'Feelings pretty strong there?'

'Oh, sure! Hardly a day goes by somebody doesn't take a
belt at the Russians.' For some reason he was getting a little
easier, even permitted himself a chuckle that could have
turned to throat-clearing if he saw a bad reaction from me.

I asked, 'Anybody know any Russians around here?'

And now he went all out and laughed. 'Course not. That's
why they're valuable. Nobody can find fault with you if you
take out after the Russians.'

'Because we're not doing business with them?'

He picked up a cheese knife from the counter and carefully
ran his thumb along the edge and laid the knife down. 'Maybe
that's it. By George, maybe that's it. We're not doing business.'

'You think then we might be using the Russians as an outlet for
something else, for other things.'

'I didn't think that at all, sir, but I bet I'm going to. Why, I
remember when people took everything out on Mr Roosevelt.
Andy Larsen got red in the face about Roosevelt one time
when his hens got the croup. Yes, sir,' he said with growing
enthusiasm,'those Russians got quite a load to carry. Man has
a fight with his wife, he belts the Russians.'

'Maybe everybody needs Russians. I'll bet even in Russia
they need Russians. Maybe they call it Americans.'

--John Ernst Steinbeck (1902-1968)
American novelist,
_Travels With Charley_ [1962]

^

Arguing with anonymous strangers on the Internet is
a sucker's game because they almost always turn out
to be -- or to be indistinguishable from -- self-
righteous sixteen-year-olds possessing infinite
amounts of free time.
--Neil Stephenson, _Cryptonomicon_

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She wore a purple leisure suit
All stained with coffee grounds
Her hair was bleached, her skin was grey
She weighed two hundred pounds
Between her flaccid lips she held
A hand-rolled cigarette
Was this my faithless Flora?
The Lily of the Net.

And when she saw my stricken face
A sigh escaped her breast
She took my trembling hand in hers
And tearfully confessed
The picture was her daughter
A twelve-year old nymphet
I was betrayed by Flora
The Lily of the Net.

Come all you ramblin gamblin men
Who lurk both night and day
Don't trust a gal from AOL
Whatever she may say
I'd rather have my fantasies
I wish I'd never met
That false deluding Flora
The Lily of the Net.

--Holly Tannen

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Within the last seven days, Google has altered and augmented my
perceptions of tulips, mind control, Japanese platform shoes, violent
African dictatorships, 3-D high-definition wallpaper, spicy chicken
dishes, tiled hot tubs, biological image-processing schemes,
chihuahua hygiene, and many more critical topics. Clearly, thanks
to Google, I am not the man I was seven days ago.
--Garry Trudeau (1948- )
American cartoonist

We've heard that a million monkeys at a million
keyboards could produce The Complete Works of
Shakespeare; now, thanks to the Internet, we know
this is not true.
--Robert Wilensky, Professor of Computer Science,
UC Berkeley, speech at a 1996 conference

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The Internet is a shallow and unreliable electronic repository of
dirty pictures, inaccurate rumors, bad spelling and worse grammar,
inhabited largely by people with no demonstrable social skills.
--The Chronicle of Higher Education [4 November 1997]

^^

Trevor Tasker's steamy online romance took a
turn for the worse when he flew to the US to
marry his cyber girlfriend. Instead of the 30-year-old
beauty he was expecting, Tasker, 27, was greeted
at the airport by 65-year-old Wynema Shumate,
who weighs 20 stone. Worse, when she took him
back to her flat, he discovered that she kept the dead
body of a former flatmate in her freezer. Shumate has
been jailed, and Tasker has vowed never to go online
again.
--_The Folio Book of Humorous Anecdotes_
[2005] Introduced by Edward Leeson,
"Love and Marriage"

^^

This e-mail has been printed on paper treated with a deadly Chinese
poison - using herbs so deadly that it will do you no good to wash
your hands. As soon as you opened this e-mail you became infected.
Unless you take the special antidote, you will die a horrible and
lingering death within five hours. Said antidote will be e-mailed
to you upon my receiving $50,000 in wired funds. Hurry!
--anonymous prank

--

TOPICAL

Not surprisingly, many of the same millions who call Bush dumb consider
Bill Clinton the White House's most brilliant occupant. ...

Indeed, the zeitgeist was not surprised when the Lovenstein Institute
of Scranton, Pennsylvania, led by Dr. Werner R. Lovenstein and Professor
Patricia F. Dilliams, released its study ranking the IQs of every president
over the last 50 years and found that first among them, with a 182, was
Bill Clinton. He was followed, in order, by Jimmy Carter, John F. Kennedy,
Richard Nixon, and Franklin Roosevelt (so much for 50 years).

As for the dumbest chief executives, they were, in descending order,
Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and--brace yourself--his son, the
current president, whose 91 charts in at exactly half of Clinton's.

The results were so alarming--ohmygod, our president is a complete
doofus!--they were forwarded via e-mail tens of millions of times, from
one concerned citizen to another, and impelled Garry Trudeau to compose
a Doonesbury strip around Bush's low "intelligence quota."

Just one problem. There is no Lovenstein Institute, no Dr. Lovenstein,
no Professor Dilliams. That the Internet ruse spread so quickly, without
anyone bothering to immediately verify the results (it was "a fact too
good to check," as they say at the New York Times), frankly explains
more about our culture than it does about our president.

--Joel Engel, "Too Smart To Be So Dumb",
http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/730avutr.asp

----

GOVERNMENT WEBSITES FOR KIDS
http://www.whitehouse.gov/kids/index.html
http://bensguide.gpo.gov/

EDUCATIONAL GAMES FOR KIDS
http://www.funbrain.com/spellroo/

NASA WEBSITE FOR KIDS
http://kids.msfc.nasa.gov/

ASTRONOMY FOR KIDS
http://www.kidscom.com/adventure/iplanet/iplanetarium.html

CAREERS FOR KIDS
http://www.bls.gov/k12/reading05.htm

BEDTIME STORIES FOR KIDS
http://the-office.com/bedtime-story/indexmain.htm

NURSERY RHYMES
http://trmg.designwest.com/TRMG1.html





INTOLERANCE

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see: "ANTI-AMERICANISM"
see: "ANTI-SEMITISM"
see: "BIGOTRY"
see: "NARROW-MINDEDNESS"
see: "PREJUDICE"
see: "RACISM"
see: "OPINION"
see "EMOTIONS & FEELINGS" for other related links


I am free of all prejudice. I hate everyone equally.
--W. C. Fields [William Claude Dunkenfield] (1880-1946)
American comedian

^^

[D]uring the First World War, suppression went far beyond anything the war
could possibly justify. An outburst of anti-German feeling sometimes took
absurd forms: sauerkraut became "liberty cabbage" on some menus, and
some people even wanted to call German measles "liberty measles."
There were schools that dropped German from the curriculum; the
New York Times applauded this idea, and recommended Spanish instead,
or perhaps French, which was "more cosmopolitan and urbane." Four county
councils in Missouri banned anybody from speaking German on the
telephone; and some towns tried to banish it on the streets. The town of
Potsdam, Missouri, changed its name to Pershing.

The language of Goethe and Schiller survived this onslaught; other forms
of xenophobia had more serious results. In a burst of fervor, Congress passed
an Espionage Act in 1917. The law understandably imposed severe penalties
on people who passed secrets to the enemy. But it also made it a crime to
"willfully make or convey false reports or false statements" with the aim of
interfering with the "operation or success of the military or naval forces" of
the country, or to "promote the success of its enemies"; or to try to foment
"insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty" among the armed
forces; or to "willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United
States." The Trading with the Enemy Act (1917) did what the title suggested;
but it also provided that nothing could be published or printed "in any foreign
language" about the government of the United States, "or of any nation
engaged in the present war, its politics, [or] international relations," unless a
full translation was lodged with the postmaster general. These provisions
were barely discussed in the sometimes heated debates over the Espionage
Act and the rest of the legislative package; in practice, they proved to be
pregnant with trouble for anybody who fell short of 100 percent red-blooded
patriotism, and in particular, for Americans of the left-wing persuasion.

The war generated heat and paranoia. The government found it easy to
smear speech that opposed the war or denounced capitalism or the like as
dangerous talk which interfered with the war effort. The Sedition Act of 1918
was another truly drastic statute. Under this law, it was a crime to spread "false
statements" that might hinder the war effort, obstruct the sale of bonds, or
incite mutiny and disloyalty in the army. The act also criminalized saying,
printing, or writing any "disloyal, profane, scurrilous or abusive language"
about the government, the Constitution, the flag, the army, the uniform; or
saying anything that would bring the government or the Constitution "into
contempt, scorn, contumely, or disrepute." Anything written which violated
the act was "nonmailable," and could not be sent through the post.

In short, only total jingoism was acceptable - or legal. German-Americans
in some parts of the country had a particularly tough time. In front-line South
Dakota - a state with a large German population - zealous officials raided the
offices of a German-language newspaper, the Deutscher Herold, where they
found some truly dastardly objects, including a paperweight with an image of
the kaiser. The editor, Conrad Kornmann, was charged with espionage, mostly
because of a private letter he wrote to a friend, in which he was lukewarm about
the war, to say the least. That this was an attack on vital war interests or the
armed forces was totally absurd, but a jury found Kornmann guilty. The appeal
court reversed; still, Kornmann's life was a shambles.

South Dakota was not the only state in danger. Rumors flew about in remote
Montana of German spies poised to invade from Canada. Local "liberty"
or "defense" committees rounded up "slackers," reds, Wobblies, and
other bad elements; Montana whipped itself into a froth and conducted a major
witch-hunt. In Illinois, a Granite City man got two years in Fort Leavenworth
for shooting off his mouth in a saloon - to the effect that he liked the kaiser,
and would fight for him. In 1918 the Rev. John Fontana, a Lutheran minister
in Salem, North Dakota, a German community, went on trial for violating the
Espionage Act by obstructing the draft and fomenting insubordination. The
evidence was flimsy, to say the least - some testimony that Fontana was
unenthusiastic about the war, refused to buy liberty bonds, and prayed for the
"old Fatherland." In wartime, the prosecutor said, "the unbridled tongue is
more dangerous than the arms of the enemy, more stealthy than the submarine,"
The jury convicted him. The judge fulminated against Fontana for not putting
away his German soul; he criticized immigrants in general ("these thousands
of little islands of foreigners"), and sentenced Fontana to three years in
Leavenworth. On appeal, the case was reversed - but it seems incredible,
today, that it was brought in the first place.

--Lawrence M. Friedman
_American Law in the 20th Century_ [2002]
Ch. 5 "Race Relations and Civil Liberties" pp. 138-140

^^

^^

There was no "liberty cabbage" during the Second World War, and nobody
tried to kick Goethe, Schiller, and Beethoven out of public life. Still, the
fate of the West Coast Japanese reminds us that there was plenty of bigotry
afoot. The passions of the war gave cover to some spectacular incidents of
intolerance. Among the worst victims were members of Jehovah's Witnesses.
This was a small but fervent band, very active in trying to spread the word of
God, as they saw it. Witnesses went from door to door, selling or giving away
their literature, especially their organ, The Watchtower. Witnesses also refused
to salute the flag: they considered the flag salute rank idolatry. This behavior
threw American Legionnaires and other superpatriots into an utter frenzy. It
lent credence to the ridiculous claim that the Witnesses were fifth columnists,
spies, Nazi sympathizers. The flag salute issue came to the Supreme Court in
1940, in Minersville School District v. Gobitis. In a small town in Pennsylvania,
three students, children of Witnesses, refused to salute the flag and were
summarily expelled from school. Felix Frankfurter, writing for the majority,
upheld the expulsion; only Justice Stone dissented. The flag, Frankfurter said,
"is the symbol of ... national unity." "Religious convictions" do not excuse a
citizen from the "discharge of political responsibilities" if these "convictions ...
contradict the relevant concerns of society." Frankfurter also was willing to give
the legislature a great deal of deference in matters of "educational policy."

The world was in flames as Frankfurter wrote; and he was, in a sense,
carried away. He personally meant no harm to the Witnesses. But the decision
gave a green light to small-town chauvinists; dozens of riots and mob actions
against the hapless Witnesses followed. Local law enforcement officers stood
by, or actively pitched in, as mobs beat and harassed Witnesses, or even
tortured them. In Rockville, Maryland, a crowd sacked the Witnesses' meeting
hall. In one particularly gruesome incident, a Witness in Nebraska was castrated.
In many communities, the American Legion egged on or led the rioters.
The American Civil Liberties Union, on the other side, fought gamely for the
rights of the Witnesses; the ACLU lobbied, cajoled, and litigated in an attempt,
often unsuccessful, to safeguard the rights of this group.

The battle was waged in state courts as well as federal courts; on the whole,
the Witnesses and the ACLU did better in state courts than in federal courts, at
least at first. The persecution was pervasive: Witnesses lost their jobs at the
height of the hysteria, were hectored out of towns, and arrested on trumped-up
charges, or on paranoid claims of insurrection and sedition. The courts, to their
credit, sometimes granted injunctions and overturned groundless arrests.
Witnesses were also persecuted for their refusal to fight in "manmade" wars.
Even though the text of the law clearly respected the rights of conscientious
objectors, and exempted ministers from service altogether, about four thousand
Witnesses went to jail for violating the draft laws. Even after the war was over,
more than a thousand Witnesses stayed in prison for crimes against the Selective
Service Act.

--Lawrence M. Friedman
_American Law in the 20th Century_ [2002]
Ch. 10 "Race Relations and Civil Rights" pp. 282-283

^^

^^

[T]here was McCarthyism before McCarthy. The House Un-American
Activities Committee had been established in 1938. The Smith Act - a
strong anticommunist law - was passed in 1940. The Second World War
had hardly ended when the cold war began. Truman instituted a federal
loyalty program in 1946, and strengthened it in 1947. [. . . ]

Now an epidemic of witch-hunting, paranoia, and political grandstanding
infected the whole country. States and local governments got into the act.
Fifteen states passed laws in 1949 against subversive activities; forty-four
jurisdictions had laws by 1955 to punish sedition, criminal anarchy, criminal
syndicalism, advocating the overthrow of the government, and so on. Some
of these laws were incredibly draconian: in Michigan subversives could be
imprisoned for life; in Tennessee the death penalty was theoretically possible
for anybody who dared advocate the violent overthrow of the United States
government. Many states outlawed the Communist Party. New Hampshire's
attorney general, Louis C. Wyman, was a particularly notorious zealot, out
to get Marxists, fellow travelers, "dupes," and "apologists" for the communists.
A number of states created committees and commissions to carry out
investigations (essentially witch-hunts), searching for radicals secreted in
the nodes of business, government, and academia. Washington State,
Illinois, California, and Maryland had legislative committees especially
keen on ferreting out reds. Ohio was another state with an Un-American
Activities Commission. After all, as a congressman from Ohio warned,
there were 1,300 actual Communists in Ohio; and consequently there
"can be no real peace or security ... for Communism is the devil's own
instrument of hatred, war, chaos and ruin."

--Lawrence M. Friedman
_American Law in the 20th Century_ [2002]
Ch. 10 "Race Relations and Civil Rights" pp. 331-332

^^

Intolerance betrays want of faith in one's cause.
--Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948)
Indian statesman and leader of the nationalistic
movement against British rule,
in "Young India" [2 February 1921]

The highest result of education is tolerance.
--Helen Keller (1880-1968)
American author and educator who was blind and deaf

I know that there are people who do not love
their fellow man, and I hate people like that!
--Tom Lehrer (1928- )
American songwriter and satirist

I believe in equality. Equality for everybody.
No matter how stupid they are or how superior
I am to them.
--Steve Martin (1945- )
American comedian and actor

There is one characteristic of the present direction
of public opinion peculiarly calculated to make it
intolerant of any marked demonstration of individuality.
The general average of mankind are not only moderate
in intellect, but also moderate in inclinations; they
have no tastes or wishes strong enough to incline them
to do anything unusual, and they consequently do not
understand those who have, and class all such with the
wild and intemperate whom they are accustomed to look
down upon.
--John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
English philosopher and social reformer,
_On Liberty_ [1859]
Ch. 3, "Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being"

No country or people who are slaves to dogma and the
dogmatic mentality can progress, and unhappily our
country and people have become extraordinarily
dogmatic and little-minded.
--Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
Indian statesman.

I hate people who are intolerant.
--Laurence J. Peter (1919-1990)
Canadian teacher and author.

In this nonjudgmental era, the accusation of hypocrisy
is about the only acceptable judgement call. Today,
hypocrisy appears to be the only universally recognized
sin, not even infidelity, lying, cheating or addiction
are considered as reprehensible. We as a society have
caved in, dumbed down our expectations and morality,
and called it tolerance and freedom. Anyone who dares
defend standards risk relentless attacks to find some
flaw or inconsistency that can be used against him to
nullify the message. The "hypocrite" epithet is hurled
at those who are unafraid to make judgements based
on standards by people who have no standards.
--Dr. Laura Schlessinger (1947- )
American radio host

Whoever kindles the flames of intolerance in
America is lighting a fire underneath his own
home.
--Harold E. Stassen (1907-2001)
Governor of Minnesota [1939-1943] who campaigned for
the Republican presidential nomination nine times

There are those among us that live in rooms of
experience that you and I can never enter.
--John Ernst Steinbeck (1902-1968)
American novelist

No man has a right in America to treat any other
man "tolerantly" for tolerance is the assumption
of superiority. Our liberties are equal rights of
every citizen.
--Wendell Wilkie (1892-1944)
American lawyer and the Republican nominee
for the 1940 presidential election (won by FDR)




INTUITION

.
.

see "THE MIND" for related links


Intuition is truly a feminine quality, but women
should not mistake rash conclusions for this gift.
--Minna Thomas Antrim (1861-1950)
American writer and epigrammist

In poker, as in life, intuition can be a valuable attribute,
but temper it with thought and logic. And don't follow it
blindly. If you persist in doing so, magicians will fool
you, con men will swindle you, and good poker players
will take your money.
--Lou Krieger
Author of books about poker

Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They
can discover everything except the obvious.
--Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
Anglo-Irish playwright and poet


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